On the ballot: Compassion
03 Thursday Nov 2022
Posted Uncategorized
in03 Thursday Nov 2022
Posted Uncategorized
in23 Friday Jul 2021
Posted Healthcare, Missouri General Assembly
in“Listen to the people” “Medicaid expansion is good for Missouri’s health” [July 1, 2021, Jefferson City, Missouri]
Yesterday:
Crystal Quade @crystal_quade
My statement on the Supreme Court upholding the Medicaid expansion amendment:Today’s unanimous Missouri Supreme Court decision is a complete vindication for those who have worked to expand health care access and a thorough rejection of those willing to defy Missouri voters
[….]
1/2
12:22 PM · Jul 22, 2021
Crystal Quade @crystal_quade
…and ignore the rule of law to stop it from happening. We expect the trial judge will follow the Supreme Court’s clear direction and promptly order the state to begin providing Medicaid services to the expanded population as mandated by the Missouri Constitution.2/2 #MoLeg
12:22 PM · Jul 22, 2021
In the Missouri Constitution:
IV Section 36(c). MO HealthNet expansion — eligibility — state plan amendments — maximization of federal participation — limitation on burdens or restrictions. — 1. Notwithstanding any provision of law to the contrary, beginning July 1, 2021, individuals nineteen years of age or older and under sixty-five years of age who qualify for MO HealthNet services under 42 U.S.C. Section 1396a(a)(10)(A)(i)(VIII) and as set forth in 42 C.F.R. 435.119, and who have income at or below one hundred thirty-three percent of the federal poverty level plus five percent of the applicable family size as determined under 42 U.S.C. Section 1396a(e)(14) and as set forth in 42 C.F.R. 435.603, shall be eligible for medical assistance under MO HealthNet and shall receive coverage for the health benefits service package.
2. For purposes of this section “health benefits service package” shall mean benefits covered by the MO HealthNet program as determined by the department of social services to meet the benchmark or benchmark-equivalent coverage requirement under 42 U.S.C. Section 1396a(k)(1) and any implementing regulations.
3. No later than March 1, 2021, the Department of Social Services and the MO HealthNet Division shall submit all state plan amendments necessary to implement this section to the United States Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.
4. The Department of Social Services and the MO HealthNet Division shall take all actions necessary to maximize federal financial participation in funding medical assistance pursuant to this section.
5. No greater or additional burdens or restrictions on eligibility or enrollment standards, methodologies, or practices shall be imposed on persons eligible for MO HealthNet services pursuant to this section than on any other population eligible for medical assistance.
6. All references to federal or state statutes, regulations or rules in this section shall be to the version of those statutes, regulations or rules that existed on January 1, 2019.
——–
(Adopted August 4, 2020)
Yesterday, from the Missouri Supreme Court:
SUPREME COURT OF MISSOURI
en bancSTEPHANIE DOYLE, et al., Opinion issued July 22, 20212 No. SC99185
Appellants,
LUKE BARBER and CHRISTINE )
CHANEY,
Appellants,v.
JENNIFER TIDBALL, et al.,
Respondents.APPEAL FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF COLE COUNTY
The Honorable Jon E. Beetem, JudgePER CURIAM
Stephanie Doyle, Melinda Hille, and Autumn Stultz, three Missourians who are eligible for MO HealthNet coverage under article IV, section 36(c) of the Missouri Constitution, (“Plaintiffs”) brought suit challenging the refusal by the Department of Social Services (“DSS”) to provide that coverage because the General Assembly failed to appropriate adequate funding. The circuit court rejected Plaintiffs’ claims because it found the ballot initiative that enacted article IV, section 36(c) violated article III, section 51 of the Missouri Constitution, which prohibits initiatives from appropriating money without creating revenue to fund the initiative. Because article IV, section 36(c) does not appropriate money and does not remove the General Assembly’s discretion in appropriating money to MO HealthNet, the circuit court erred in declaring article IV, section 36(c) constitutionally invalid. The circuit court’s judgment is affirmed in part and vacated in part, and the cause remanded for the circuit court to enter judgment for the Plaintiffs, which includes determination of the appropriate injunctive relief.
[….]
Nothing in article IV, section 36(c) deprives the General Assembly of its discretion and requires it to appropriate a specified amount for MO HealthNet services and benefits. The General Assembly maintains the discretion to decide whether and to what extent it will appropriate money for MO HealthNet programs. 4 Even though it is highly possible the General Assembly appropriated less money than MO HealthNet programs are estimated to cost in FY 2022, the consequences of failing to fund MO HealthNet fully at the outset or even with a supplemental appropriation are not before this Court because they are not relevant to whether article IV, section 36(c) violates article III, section 51. Because article IV, section 36(c) does not expressly appropriate money for MO HealthNet nor deprive the General Assembly of discretion and require it to appropriate money for its purposes, it does not violate article III, section 51.
[….]
The General Assembly chose to appropriate funds for the MO HealthNet programs for FY 2022. This was one of presumably thousands of difficult decisions made each year during the appropriation process. But, having made this decision, DSS and MO HealthNet are bound by article IV, section 36(c) concerning which individuals are eligible to enroll when it spends the appropriated funds. Consequently, DSS has appropriation authority to provide services for all individuals eligible for MO HealthNet, including individuals eligible for coverage and services pursuant to article IV, section 36(c).
Conclusion
For the reasons set forth above, the circuit court’s judgment is affirmed only insofar as it overruled the Proposed Intervenors’ motion to intervene. In all other respects, the judgment is vacated, and the cause is remanded to the circuit court to enter judgment for the Plaintiffs, which includes determination of the appropriate injunctive relief.
All concur.
“All concur”.
01 Thursday Jul 2021
Posted Healthcare, Missouri Governor
inLate this morning in Jefferson City around one hundred fifty supporters of Medicaid expansion in Missouri rallied in front the Governor’s Mansion. If the right wingnut controlled General Assembly had honored the wishes of voters and the explicit language they approved for inclusion in the Missouri Constitution access to health care for hundreds of thousands of Missourians would have started today.
The rally organizers were aware of a press event at the Missouri Department of Transportation building with Governor Mike Parson (r). The supporters of Medicaid expansion marched on the sidewalk the short distance to the building and continued the rally there, waiting for the governor to exit the building.
The rally and march was sponsored by Missouri Health Care for All, Missouri Jobs with Justice, and Planned Parenthood Advocates in Missouri.
Previously:
So, why hasn’t Medicaid Expansion happened in Missouri? (March 31, 2019)
Because Medicaid expansion is “too expensive” (October 28, 2019)
Medicaid Expansion Rally – Clinton, Missouri – April 17, 2021 (April 17, 2021)
Medicaid expansion? What Medicaid expansion? (May 3, 2021)
So it begins (May 21, 2021)
26 Wednesday May 2021
Posted Uncategorized
inThe first lawsuit to address the Missouri General Assembly’s refusal to fund Medicaid expansion in the state will have a hearing on June 18, 2021.
Today in the 19th Judicial Circuit, Cole County:
21AC-CC00186 – STEPHANIE DOYLE ET AL V JENNIFER TIDBALL ET AL [….]
05/26/2021
Hearing Scheduled
Associated Entries: 05/26/2021 – Conference Call Held
Scheduled For: 06/18/2021; 3:00 PM ; JON EDWARD BEETEM; Cole Circuit
Conference Call Held
Petitioner by Attorneys Hatfield and Pearson. Defendant by Attorneys Sauer and Jesus Osete. Case set for hearing on Stipulated Facts set for June 18, 2021 at 3 pm. /s/JEB/rlo
Scheduled For: 06/18/2021; 3:00 PM ; JON EDWARD BEETEM; Cole Circuit
Conference Call Scheduled
Associated Entries: 05/26/2021 – Conference Call Held
Scheduled For: 05/26/2021; 9:00 AM ; JON EDWARD BEETEM; Cole Circuit
[….]
Previously:
So it begins (May 21, 2021)
21 Friday May 2021
Posted Uncategorized
inThe first lawsuit to address the Missouri General Assembly’s refusal to fund Medicaid expansion in the state has been filed.
Steve Edwards @SDECoxHealth
Today, Jefferson City attorneys Chuck Hatfield and Lowell Pearson filed suit requiring the state to expand Medicaid as specified by the Missouri Constitution. They filed on behalf of three adults who will be newly eligible for the expanded program.
8:00 PM · May 20, 2021
Yesterday, in the 19th Judicial Circuit, Cole County:
21AC-CC00186 – STEPHANIE DOYLE ET AL V JENNIFER TIDBALL ET AL (E-CASE)
Judge/Commissioner Assigned: BEETEM, JON EDWARD Date Filed: 05/20/2021
Location: Cole Circuit Case Type: CC Declaratory Judgment
[….]
Filed on behalf of three individuals, with the following defendants:
TIDBALL , JENNIFER , Defendant
MO DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SERVIC
[….]STATE OF MISSOURI DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES , Defendant
BROADWAY STATE OFFICE BUILDING
[….]MATHEWS , KIRK , Defendant
MO HEALTHNET DIVISION
[….]DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES – MO HEALTHNET DIVISION , Defendant
[….]EVANS , KIM , Defendant
OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR, FSD
[….]DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES, FAMILY SUPPORT DIVISION , Defendant
[….]
Previously:
Sen. Ed Emery (r): if you want Medicaid move to another state (May 19, 2014)
So, why hasn’t Medicaid Expansion happened in Missouri? (March 31, 2019)
Medicaid Expansion in Missouri: petition signatures submitted – for the November ballot (May 1, 2020)
Medicaid Expansion Rally – Clinton, Missouri – April 17, 2021 (April 17, 2021)
Medicaid expansion? What Medicaid expansion? (May 3, 2021)
03 Monday May 2021
The Rural Health Safety Net Under Pressure: Rural Hospital Vulnerability
February 2020[….]
States in the Southeast and lower Great Plains have borne the brunt of the closure crisis. States experiencing the highest number of rural hospital closures since 2010 include Texas (20), Tennessee (12), Oklahoma (7), Georgia (7), Alabama (6) and Missouri (6). Our analysis shows that hospitals located in states that have not adopted Medicaid expansion have lower median operating margin and have a higher percentage of rural hospitals operating with a negative operating margin (see Figure 2). Of the eight states with the highest levels of closures since 2010, none are Medicaid expansion states.
[….]
Similarly, states with the highest number of ‘at risk’ facilities are Texas (36), Kansas (19), Missouri (15), Nebraska (14) and Mississippi (13). While Nebraska has seen only one rural hospital close since 2010, Missouri has lost six and Kansas and Mississippi have each lost five.
[….]
What the right wingnut controlled Missouri General Assembly spends its time on – an email update from Denny Hoskins (r):
District 21 Capitol Report, Week of 04-29-2021
Denny Hoskins
Week of April 26, 2021Fighting the Fight
This week one of the most anticipated bills of the 2021 legislative session came up for debate in the Senate chamber. The initial discussion on Senate Bill 39, the Second Amendment Preservation Act, went as might be expected. Proponents of the bill (which I am proudly one of) argued the measure is necessary to protect the rights of Missourians in the face of gun control proposals from the current administration in Washington, D.C. The bill would exempt Missouri from any federal laws that restrict the right to keep and bear arms in violation of the U.S. and Missouri Constitutions. Opponents of the bill held the floor with inquiries and amendments. This went on for several hours before the sponsor laid the bill on the informal calendar. I’m confident we’ll have another opportunity to pass SB 39 (or the House version) before the end of session on May 14. It won’t be easy, and I’m bracing for a hard-fought effort to overcome opposition if we’re going to get this through to the finish.
Also this week, the Senate debated my Senate Bill 98. A comprehensive package of legislation relating to gaming in Missouri, the bill is the result of five years of work and compromise. I have met with any and every party willing to come to the table to negotiate a regulatory framework for gaming in our state. Fellow legislators, regulators, concerned citizens and businesses of all sizes have consistently been willing to work with me in this endeavor.
I believe the measure I presented to the Senate this week would finally address the proliferation of illegal gaming machines across Missouri, while providing increased opportunities for the state’s residents to participate in games and place wagers in a legal, regulated gaming environment. The legislation would authorize a system of video lottery terminals, and bring sports bets out of the shadows. Together, these activities could provide more than $200 million in new revenue for education and veteran’s programs in our state.
I am disappointed the discussions surrounding SB 98 eventually reached an impasse on the Senate floor. However, I am not discouraged. I believe Missourians desire safe, legal and fair gaming opportunities and I am convinced our schools and veteran’s facilities could benefit greatly from these activities. I will continue to work with anyone willing to engage in honest, productive discussions about ending illegal gambling in our state and replacing it with regulated games that benefit all Missourians.
In other legislative action, my Senate Bill 152 received a “do pass” recommendation from the House Elementary and Secondary Education Committee. This bill brings Missouri’s 529 education savings program in line with federal 529 plans and also expands gifted education programs in local schools. I’m hopeful the full House will approve this bill, and we can get it sent to the governor’s desk.
Finally, the Senate approved its version of the state budget this week. Next week, the differences between the House and Senate appropriations bills will be sorted out by a conference committee, with members from both chambers. A final version of the Fiscal Year 2022 operating budget will need to be approved by the full General Assembly prior to 6 p.m. Friday, May 7. All eyes were on the Senate chamber Wednesday night to see whether we would appropriate money for Medicaid expansion. We did not. I joined with 19 other members of the Senate to vote to defeat Medicaid expansion. My vote to oppose the increase is consistent with the will of the voters of my district, as well as my promise to oppose Medicaid expansion that I made to voters in 2016 and 2020.
[….]
From the Missouri Secretary of State:
State of Missouri – Primary Election, August 04, 2020
Constitutional Amendment No. 2 [Medicaid expansion] 3575 of 3575 Precincts Reported
YES 676,687 53.275%
NO 593,491 46.725%
Total Votes: 1,270,178
It’s now in the Missouri Constitution.
For right wingnut republicans that doesn’t matter, it’s all about the cruelty.
30 Friday Apr 2021
Posted Missouri General Assembly, Missouri Senate, social media
inPrimum non nocere…
Dr. Bob Onder @BobOnderMO
Medicaid expansion fails in mo senate!
11:05 PM · Apr 28, 2021
He seems excited for all that continuing human misery.
There are responses:
Another way to say that is we denied the people a Constitutional Right.
And you are excited by this? Direct opposition to Missouri voters? What happened to the guy canvassing my neighborhood who said he was excited to work for the Missouri people? This victory lap of disdain for Missouri voters is gross and unprofessional.
And you’re proud of that?
Republicans ignoring the will of the people. Seems like a great strategy. Keep it up.
#DemocracyOnFire
Isn’t it amazing? Republicans across the nation are only concerned about the deficit & spending when it doesn’t support their programs to put more money in the wealthiest pockets.
The bottom line is they don’t care about the poor and the middle class.
Ignoring the will of the people is pretty on brand for #moleg
So much for Pro Life.
It’s weird, I thought this was passed by the voters. Also, is he bragging about this?
His ebullience would indicate this is so.
I can’t figure out what’s more important to him, “not expanding the welfare state” as he says or ignoring the democratic will of MO voters? I guess @BobOnderMO can answer that. He’s a Dr.
We can always count on Republicans to go against the will of the people. Glad you are so proud of that.
The cruelty is the point.
Alternative Dr Bob: “hooray for me, I’m a fucking prick!”
Could have just tweeted: “We completely ignored voters!”
See you in court
Shame on you. Shame.
So you violated the Missouri Constitution?
You’re a doctor who doesn’t want healthcare for the people in your state who overwhelmingly voted for it.
Yet, it was voted FOR by the citizens. So you are celebrating violating the will of Missourians because you don’t wanna.
You failed Missouri. We voted for it. You are going against the will of the people, saying we didn’t know what we voted for. The same people who elected you. We the people will have fun voting you out of office too.
You are a total disgrace.
Good job fucking over the kids and the poors, and the doctors like me trying to figure out how to care for all of them as they struggle without insurance. You @GOP assholes can fuck off.
Uh, they still don’t care.
17 Saturday Apr 2021
Posted Uncategorized
inThe announcement for the rally from Henry County Democrats:
Fund Missouri Medicaid Expansion Rally – Saturday, April 17 at 2 at the Courthouse Gazebo
Missouri voters approved Medicaid Expansion in the August 2020 primary. Although the federal government began providing funding to expand Medicaid in 2014, Missouri was one of 13 states that rejected this resource to protect the health of its citizens.
In 2020, the measure passed in Missouri by a margin of 53 to 47 and called for the state to submit and fund a Medicaid expansion state plan amendment by March 2021 and for the expansion to take effect July 2021. An estimated 230,000 Missourian under age 65 (before Medicare eligibility) were expected to be covered under this expansion amendment and now be available for affordable healthcare. Those are your family members, friends and neighbors whose income do not exceed 138% of the poverty level ($17,609 for a single person or $36,156 for a family of 4.) This petition-initiated effort was a great opportunity to ensure healthcare for all Missourians.
Almost all of the expense of Medicaid expansion will be paid by the Federal Government. Missouri could get $1.15 billion, according to estimates from the Kaiser Family Foundation. Now, the leaders in the Missouri House of Representatives are refusing to include money in the budget to pay Missouri’s part and we are, again, walking away from the federal money received by 37 other US states. Without that money, Medicaid will not be expanded. Lawmakers have just weeks left in their annual sessions and progress on expansion so far has proven difficult.
This non-partisan community rally is being held on Saturday, April 17 at 2:00 pm at the Gazebo on the Henry County courthouse lawn. The purpose of this rally is to learn more about the value of Medicaid expansion in Missouri and express and support restoration of Governor Parson’s proposed expansion funding in the 2021 state budget.
Around 40 individuals attended the 2:00 p.m. rally on the square in Clinton.
Two speakers described the benefits of Medicaid expansion for the citizens of Missouri and emphasized the need to contact members of the General Assembly to tell them so and urge their approval of Missouri’s small percentage contribution in the state budget. Now.
Representative Rodger Reedy (r) attended the rally.
He didn’t say “No”.
30 Tuesday Mar 2021
Posted Uncategorized
inToday:
Minority Leader Crystal Quade released the following statement on House Republicans’ decision to defund Medicaid and deny health care coverage for Missouri’s most vulnerable:
“By defunding Medicaid, House Republicans have chosen to torpedo Missouri’s economy and sow chaos in our health care system. They have chosen to refuse billions in federal funding to create of a tremendous number of jobs, revive struggling rural hospitals and make for a healthier state. They have chosen to inflict heavy collateral damage on Missouri and its people to keep fighting a partisan battle they already have lost.
“The debate over Medicaid expansion ended when voters locked it into the state constitution. The debate now is whether House Republicans respect the rule of law. Today they proved they do not.”
It’s in their nature.
Previously:
Aspirational, but not achievable during our lifetimes… (March 26, 2021)
Exactly this (March 27, 2021)
09 Wednesday Dec 2020
Posted Missouri Governor, social media
inTags
chutzpah, Corona virus, COVID-19, governor, health care, Medicaid expansion, Mike Parson, missouri, pandemic, right wingnut, social media, Twitter
Chutzpah.
Yesterday:
Governor Mike Parson @GovParsonMO
I want ALL Missourians to know that if you are sick, we will take care of you.
9:17 AM · Dec 8, 2020
Some of the responses:
What are YOU doing to take care of ALL Missourians? Have you implemented Medicaid expansion? Have you prevented rural hospitals from closing? Have you slowed down COVID transmission?
I’d much rather know that you will help prevent me from getting sick. You know… be preventative with masks instead of reactionary with ICU beds. Crazy talk, eh?
Nurses willl take care of you. This man won’t. Blame him when you can’t find a nurse to be at your bedside.
As my husband gets ready to go to work in the hospital today I want you to know that you are a disgrace to the office of Governor of Missouri. We are drowning out here and you claim to be saving us. Gtfoh.
Remember when you wouldn’t support expanding Medicaid? I’ll wait
Ummmmm….actually not so much.
How did you feel after touring Covid units at hospitals in Missouri? Oh wait, that hasn’t happened yet.
‘Republicans campaigned hard against [medicaid] expansion, with Parson among the most outspoken in opposition.’
Have a statewide mask mandate and watch those numbers go down. Look at Australia, NZ and Taiwan. They’re about back to normal. This is a Failure!
Japan has 20 times Missouri’s population, but has 50% less Covid deaths. They wear masks and their leaders don’t downplay the virus.
… but we won’t do anything to stop you from getting sick.
fixed it for you.
you’re welcome.
So far away from the reality of normal people, he thinks you can just get medical care without coverage, and doesn’t understand what “medical bankruptcy” is. Prevention, not an option in his world, either.
You heard it here people, just send your medical bills to Gov. Parson. He’s going to take care of it. /s
With all due respect, this is a misleading tweet. We need staff to run those vents and take care of those beds. I work for a busy Level 1 Trauma Center and personally haven’t accepted an ICU patient in weeks. Missourians are going to Iowa, Illinois, South Dakota, etc for care.
“We’ll take care of you”
But only once we actively make ensure that every citizen of Missouri contracts COVID by refusing to do any preventative measures in order to serve our Wall Street donors and sociopathic political ideology.
Can you please also focus on PREVENTING us from getting sick? It is no comfort that help only starts if I get covid. I would prefer to be in a place that prioritizes prevention over emergency medical care.
When is Medicaid expansion going into effect?
A lot of us lost a job this year and find ourselves in the hole where we can’t get Medicaid AND we can’t get any subsidies on the marketplace to afford insurance, so we’re totally screwed.
.. go on… ? Explain how you are actually doing this. Rural & urban areas are overwhelmed this week. Use that CARES money to help suffering people.
Covid is a complete disaster for the rural Midwest and was largely due to your political pandering and inaction. This message is a false promise and we still have no actionable strategies or plans in place. What should we do? Really, make a call.
What if instead you, I don’t know, implemented a mandate that would, just maybe, keep more people safe….so you didn’t HAVE to take care of us. Because what you are saying is not what the healthcare professionals are saying.
That’s a lie. ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. Remember that oldie but goodie, Mike? This statement is some of your worst lip service yet! MANDATE MASKS like the healthcare workers of this state have been begging you to.
It’s almost as if we’ve mismanaged our way into Medicare for All.
But, as the Post Dispatch reports you continue , and only God knows why, to ignore state wide mitigation efforts, thereby contributing to the continuing spread of Covid in Missouri. This is unbelievable incompetence and dereliction of duty Sir.
Sadly, Missouri elected the Governor it deserves.
Except the seniors who are being held as prisoners and away from their family because of your negligence and incompetence. You will be older one day Governor but as a Christian I will not want the same to be done to you for what you have allowed to be done to them.
Here’s a CRAZY idea, do more to KEEP PEOPLE FROM GETTING SICK with a mask mandate. And I wonder how many people will get sick from your Governor’s Mansion open house? It’s great that you open it to the people of Missouri at Christmas but NOT DURING A PANDEMIC IN A RED COUNTY!
How about putting a plan in place so that people aren’t as likely to get sick and have to go to the hospital. Maybe be proactive instead of reactive when dealing with a deadly pandemic.
How about covering us before we get sick?
That’s great, but when are you going to address the lack of rural hospitals or your lack of action throughout most of the pandemic or even not implementing Medicaid expansion? Words are meaningless without action, Mr. Governor.
Notice he doesn’t reassure that we have enough properly trained critical care physicians, nurses and respiratory therapists.
So you’re going to be volunteering next to nurses in COVID wards to make sure everyone is taken care of?
Oh god, I think I’d rather take my chances w understaffed, overworked nurses than gov heehaw. Thanks for the nightmares
Is that why you fought Medicaid expansion? Here’s a novel idea, why don’t you do something that might PREVENT us from getting sick? LIKE A MASK MANDATE
You kicked thousands of kids off Medicaid.
Oh, that’s a relief. What’s the address of the governor’s mansion for forwarding of ginormous medical bills?
You covering medical expenses too?
Given the republican parties response to Covid19 “take care of you” sounds like a threat.
This tweet is like me telling my kids its OK to play with broken glass because we’ve got plenty of bandaids.
Governor, thank you for not giving in to the pearl clutchers and forcing face diapers on us.
Science!
So where do I send my medical bills?🖒
Fact check: this is false.
You need a better stand up routine.
Take care of Missourians how? Free body bag?
By closing rural hospitals?
All?! That sounds pretty… universal.
Is this a joke? Missouri’s handling of COVID has been an embarrassing disaster.
I mean, YOU aren’t taking care of anyone
Making this post takes nerve I’ve never seen before.
Chutzpah.
Then act like it.
And on and on.
Previously:
Are you smarter than Missouri’s governor? (March 31, 2020)